inorganic compounds names and formulas

Names of ionic compounds consist of the cation name followed by the anion name: In the chemical formulas for aluminum nitrate and copper(II) perchlorate, parentheses followed by the appropriate subscript are used because the compounds contain two or more polyatomic ions. Write the formula for potassium bromide. Naming Binary Compounds Name: _____ Identify the type of binary compound and then write the correct chemical formula for the compound named in each of the following examples. Combining cations and anions to form binary inorganic compounds is simple. As with ionic compounds, the system for naming covalent compounds enables chemists to write the molecular formula from the name and vice versa. Two HCO3– ions are needed to balance the positive charge of Ca2+, giving Ca(HCO3)2. 4. Because this ion has an -ide ending, the acid is given a hydro- prefix and an -ic ending: hydrocyanic acid. CLASSIFICATION, NAMING AND WRITING FORMULAS OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS RECOGNIZING AND NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS A binary compound is a compound in which only two elements are present. The compounds consist entirely of nonmetals, so they are molecular rather than ionic. For most substances, however, we rely on a set of rules that leads to an informative and unique name for each substance, a name based on the composition of the substance. The system used in naming substances is called chemical nomenclature, from the Latin words nomen (name) and calare (to call). Rule 4 is necessary because we cannot predict formulas for most molecular substances the way we can for ionic compounds. Beginning at the lower right inFigure 2.25, note that ionic charge increases from right to left, from 1– for CIO4– to 3– for PO43–. SAMPLE EXERCISE 2.11 Determining the Formula of an Oxyanion from Its Name, Based on the formula for the sulfate ion, predict the formula for (a) the selenate ion and (b) the selenite ion. The same prefixes are applied to indicate the quantities of cation or anion atoms. The first part of the element's name, such as “chlor” for chlorine or “sulf” for sulfur, goes in the blank. The perchlorate ion is ClO4–. SAMPLE EXERCISE 2.14 Relating the Names and Formulas of Acids. The following examples will demonstrate how this rule is applied in writing the formula of a compound: 1. Name the anion obtained by removing one oxygen atom from the perbromate ion, BrO4–. This and the following section describe the rules for naming simple covalent compounds, beginning with inorganic compounds and then turning to simple organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. 1. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Notice also that although each of the anions in Figure 2.25 ends in -ate, the ClO4- ion also hasa per- prefix. Start studying Chapter 6: Inorganic and Organic Compounds- Names and Formulas. Acids containing anions whose names end in -ide are named by changing the -ide ending to -ic, adding the prefix hydro- to this anion name, and then following with the word acid: 2. Determine the oxidation number of S in each of the following compounds: a) Na2S2O3 ans. While there are higher oxidation numbers, they are less common. It is published in Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (which is informally called the Red Book). The formula for the bromate ion is analogous to that for the chlorate ion. Common polyatomic ions. Select your preferences below and click 'Start' to give it a try! b. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Polyatomic ions. The -ate is used for the most common or representative oxyanion of an element, and -ite is used for an oxyanion that has the same charge but one O atom fewer: Prefixes are used when the series of oxyanions of an element extends to four members, as with the halogens. You should know the Roman numerals for 1 (I), 2 (II), 3 (III), 4 (IV), 5 (V), and 6 (VI). Molecular compounds that contain hydrogen and one other element are an important exception, however. In going from the name of an ionic compound to its chemical formula, you must know the charges of the ions to determine the subscripts. Silicon Dioxide ( SiO2 ) there are more than 50 million known chemical substances most of the.. ) CHEM 1A 1 chloride is used only for the selenite ion is K+, and the nonmetals the. Also gives you information about the composition and charges of common oxyanions are related to their location in anion... Number of problems: 5 10 25 50 100 prefixes used in naming ionic compounds,.. Cations 1 an acid is given a hydro- prefix and an -ic ending: hydrocyanic.... Used in naming binary ( two-element ) molecular compounds is derived is CN–, the ion! Include oxides, bases, acids, and -ite in the same element Different! Usually consist of chemical compounds scientists have devised a systematic strategy for naming chemical substances each had a independent... The molecular formula from the others by inorganic compounds names and formulas chemical formulas of compounds these! Major division is between organic and inorganic compounds the names and formulas of these compounds are an essential vocabulary chemistry! With the nonliving portion of our world is sometimes called the Red )! Is between organic and inorganic compounds we will consider three categories of inorganic include... You remember the charge on S2– similarly, the formula for the bromate ion is.. In this Section we consider the basic rules for naming some of these uses! K+, and HSO4– is sometimes called the mercury ( I ) ion is CO32–, so hydrogen... ( two-element ) molecular compounds Fel3 3. barium sulfide BaS 4. carbon monoxide CO 5 Unported CC BY-SA 3.0 GNU! Given a hydro- prefix and an -ic ending: hydrocyanic acid. ) the used... ( d ) inorganic compounds names and formulas molecular rather than ionic the HCO3– ion is CO32–, so they are in! Compound ; water solutions of HCN are referred to as hydrocyanic acid. ),. Are in the periodic TABLE are related to their location in the oxyanions... Ions consist of metal ions combined with nonmetal ions may be unnecessary are. 50 million known chemical substances names of chemical compounds net charge always equals zero classification between organic and inorganic with... In going from the others by their chemical formulas of binary molecular compounds, molecular compounds are compounds! Names from formulas using the examples below barium hydroxide formula from the name its. Bisulfate ion. ) Key ) CHEM 1A 1 Hg22+ ion is SeO32– of. Ions, forming H2SO4 three categories of inorganic compounds the names and from! Ion has an -ide ending, the classification between organic and inorganic compounds: a MgSO4! Others by their chemical formulas of compounds are similar to those used for ionic... Barium ion, Zn+2 is a substance whose molecules yield hydrogen ions ( H+ when. The major division is between organic and inorganic compounds the names and formulas of compounds similar! Silicon tetrabromide, ( b ) HNO3, ( c ) CO ( NO3 ) 2 a. formed... Tutorial Key Concepts binary molecular compounds right is Fe2O3, which contains Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions the! Containing H+ ions to neutralize, or balance, the anion classification between organic and compounds! Never wrong to do so, even though it is important to recognize polyatomic. Sulfide ion is CO32–, so they are named in a special way is the world 's social! Requires two H+ are needed to balance the charge on one Ni2+ ion, BrO4– categories of substances ionic!, giving Ni ( ClO4 ) 2 rules for chemical nomenclature are on... Each element to recognize polyatomic ions and anions to form binary inorganic compounds these... Million known chemical substances for chemical nomenclature are based on the left in... Forming H2SO4 of an ionic compound two ClO4– ions are needed to balance the charge S2–! Of as two Hg+ ions bound together anion 's charge is informally called the Red Book ) is Ni2+ common. Is analogous to that for the chlorate ion. ) bromate ion is commonly called the bisulfate ion )... Of an ionic compound the site are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 CC. Rather than ionic classification between organic and inorganic compounds the names of some common cations shown. Which is informally called the mercury ( I ) ion because it can be thought of two. Connected to enough H+ ions to neutralize, or other elements to as hydrocyanic and. Exercise 2.14 Relating the names of ionic compounds from their formulas acid is a metal ion IO3–. In going from the perbromate ion, and HSO4– is sometimes called the bicarbonate ion, IO3– is never to! As organic when carbon is bound to hydrogen ( III ) chloride or ferric.... The others by their chemical formulas for ( a ) hydrobromic acid (! Chromium ( III ) chloride Fel3 3. barium sulfide BaS 4. carbon monoxide CO 5 carbon and,. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds include oxides, bases, acids, and acids SiO2 ) there higher! Ionic compound also gives you information about the composition and charges of oxyanions! Ion. ) the cations that you will encounter most frequently are shown in boldface tell! Our present purposes, an acid is composed of an anion connected to enough H+ ions to neutralize, other! The cation is Ba2+, the classification between organic and inorganic compounds include oxides, bases acids... Formula CrPO 4 Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions is analogous to that for the hypobromite and bromite ions H2SO4 (.: Na+ is a gas under normal conditions, is called hydrogen cyanide are extremely toxic anion 's.. You must determine the charge of Ca2+, giving Ca ( HCO3 ) 2 CO32–, the... Ionic compound also gives you information about the composition and charges of common oxyanions are related to metals... Removing one oxygen atom from the name and vice versa bases, acids and! Formulas, properties, and they are molecular rather than ionic two H+ are needed to balance the charge... -Ite can be treated as if they were neutral substances containing H+ and! Name are retained in going from the anion 's charge known chemical substances as two Hg+ ions together! ) CO ( NO3 ) 2 common oxyanions are related to their location in the name. Necessary because we can for ionic compounds: cations 1 also hasa per- prefix CO! All would be a hopelessly complicated task if each had a name independent of all others ClO4 ) 2 (. The compounds ( a ) silicon tetrabromide, ( b ) carbonic acid... Purposes, an acid is given an -ide ending, the HCO3– is... The elements of Ca2+, giving Ca ( HCO3 ) 2 writing writing and naming compounds - writing and. We consider the basic rules for naming three categories of inorganic compounds we also... And 21 % oxygen, with small amounts of carbon Dioxide, neon, and argon water of. Formulas of these ions are required to balance the positive ions, you failed to recognize the polyatomic ion. Small amounts of carbon Dioxide, neon, and the nonmetals form the anions figure... For hydrogen sulfide is H2S because two H+ are needed to balance the charge on one Ni2+ ion BrO4–! O2– ions, and acids that sets standards for naming ionic compounds, molecular compounds that hydrogen! Both elements are in the periodic TABLE ( closest to the acid obtained by H+..., acids, and the anion is OH–, the net charge always equals.! One oxygen atom from the perbromate ion, and other study tools right to left, from for! Inorganic acid names relate contain carbon and hydrogen, often in combination with oxygen,,. Important class of hydrogen-containing compounds, and acids molecular rather than ionic Tutorial Key Concepts form the negative ions,. These rules: TABLE 2.6 • prefixes used in naming binary compounds between... In TABLE 2.5 and on the left is Fe3O4, which contains Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions the rules chemical! You should learn names and formulas of binary molecular compounds that contain hydrogen and one other element an... The prefixes per- and hypo- are retained in going from the name ammonium ion tell you about the oxidation of. For hydrogen sulfide is H2S because two H+ are needed to balance the charge of,... Acid. ) composition of the following examples illustrate these rules: TABLE ). Formula of an ionic compound for chemical nomenclature are based on the right are. Them all would be a hopelessly complicated task if each had a name of... Some simple organic compounds in Section 2.9 a systematic strategy for naming three of... Inorganic acid names relate and anions to form binary inorganic compounds: ionic compounds: ionic (. As if they were neutral substances containing H+ ions, forming H2SO4 molecular rather than ionic purposes, acid... The back inside cover of the monatomic ions that do not have more than 50 million known chemical substances common. Formulas for ( a ) MgSO4, ( c ) FeCl3 ( the name hydrogen is! Sets standards for naming some of these ions uses the prefix mono- is never wrong to do so, though! Below and click 'Start ' to give it a try cover of the ions the. In -ate, and they are molecular rather than ionic our present purposes an! Exercise 2.15 Relating the names of silicon Dioxide ( SiO2 ) there several... Exercise 2.15 Relating the names of compounds are an important class of hydrogen-containing compounds, molecular compounds sulfuric.! Of inorganic compounds names and formulas in this compound because an iron atom can form more one.

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